Case Study 3:  The Montreal Protocol: How Can We Save the Ozone Layer?

If I had a billion dollars to save the ozone layer ....

in-class handout: ozone.pdf
background on the Montreal Protocol (UNEP report in pdf)

links:

Background: Montreal Protocol and Essential Use Exemptions
EPA: Essential Use Exemptions to the Montreal Protocol
Environment Canada: Ozone Fact Sheet
The Montreal Protocol (United Nations Environment Program)
The Ozone Secretariat (United Nations Environment Program)
Action on Ozone (UNEP report in pdf)

Methyl Bromide: Essential Pesticide?
Methyl Bromide Critical Use Exemption FAQ (EPA)
Methyl Bromide and its alternatives (ARS: USDA)
US EPA Methyl Bromide Phase Out Web Site

Asthma Inhalers: Essential Lifesavers?
Asthma Treatment: Measured Dose Inhalers
Asthma Treatment: Changes in Inhalers (NIH)
Asthma Treatment: FDA FAQ on Inhaler Phaseout
CFC-Free Medication for an Ailing Ozone Layer (FDA)

Failure to Convert: Old Air Conditioners and Old Refrigerators
CFC recycling fact sheet (Harvard University)
Reclaiming old refrigerant
Questions & Answers on Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning (EPA)
Did hotel break ozone rules? EPA complaint seeks $216,600 from Salt Lake City Airport Inn

Delaying Change: Helping Developing Nations
Refrigerant management in Nigeria
United Nations Development Program
United Nations Development Program Activities
United Nations IDO
Greenpeace
Dumping old refrigerators in Zambia (see about half way down page)
Environmental News Service: "Pacific Islands to Phase Out Ozone Depleters" (17 May 2001)
Environmental News Service: "Investigators Expose Smuggling of Ozone Depleting Chemicals" (12 October 2001)
Environmental News Service: "Indian Companies Pledge to Cut Rogue CFC Emissions" (3 May 2002)
Environmental News Service: "$573 Million Will Halve Developing Country CFCs" (2 December 2002)
Environmental News Service: "Russia Done with Ozone Depleting Substances" (14 August 2002)

Ozone Layer Recovery
Space Daily (.com): Ozone Layer's Recovery Years Away (2 Oct 2000)
NASA Goddard: Wetter Upper Atmosphere May Delay Global Ozone Recovery
Nature: Ozone recovery will be long-term affair (25 June 1998)
Environmental News Service: Stronger Global Ozone Layer Action Agreed (7 December 1999)

Halons: Can we change how we suppress fires?
Putting out Fires without Halons (UNEP)
EPS: Carbon Dioxide as a Fire Suppressant: Examining the Risks
Environment News Daily: Trading Keeps Halons Out of the Ozone (19 March 2001)

Space Shuttle and Titan Rockets: Methyl Chloroform
Where does chlorine in the stratosphere come from?
Air Force News: Titan launches winning environmental program (Sep 1997)
Ozone Depletion FAQ: (check Space Shuttle Launches)  

Miscellaneous
UNEP OzonAction Programme newsletter (pdf--assorted notes on ozone actions)