Biodiversity 1. It was believed to have been responsible for the mass extinction of the dinosaurs. What is a meteorite? 2. Flightless birds from Mauritius, and now extinct. What was the dodo? 3. Loss of marine biodiversity results from this. What is overfishing? 4. The value of a species for its own sake. What is intrinsic value? 5. A count of all of the species in a particular ecosystem. What is a definition of biodiversity? Atmospheric Circulation 1. The segment of the atmosphere between 20 and 50 km. What is the stratosphere? 2. Atmospheric circulation pattern in which air rises at the equator and sinks around 30 degrees latitude. What is the Hadley cell? 3. This process due to the Earth's rotation deflects air or water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. What is the Coriolis effect? 4. Converting water into ice releases this. What is latent heat? 5. This seasonal weather pattern dumps rain on India and Arizona, among other places. What is a monsoon? Atmospheric composition 1. This gas makes up 78\% of the gas in the atmosphere. What is nitrogen? 2. This gas is the most common greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. What is water vapor? 3. Gas molecules with 3 or more atoms are able to absorb infrared radiation to contribute to this. What is the greenhouse effect? 4. This gas has highest concentrations at 30 km elevation. What is ozone? 5. This common gas has far greater greenhouse warming potential than carbon dioxide. What is methane (CH4)? Air Quality 1. These cars use a gas engine along with an electric motor to reduce their fuel consumption. What is a hybrid car? 2. The major source of air pollution in Los Angeles. What is automobile exhaust? 3. Much of San Diego air pollution originates in this location. What is Los Angeles? 4. In this event, cold air near ground level traps air pollution. What is an inversion? 5. The byproduct of ozone and nitric oxide is known by this name. What is smog? (or brown cloud, or nitrogen dioxide). Feedbacks 1. Name for a hypothetical planet with brown soil and white daisies. What is Daisyworld? 2. This planet has experienced a runaway greenhouse. What is Venus? 3. Clouds, ice, and daisies all have high values of this. What is albedo? 4. An example of this process would have increasing ice cover on a planet result in higher albedo, and therefore colder temperatures and still further ice cover. What is positive feedback? 5. A state from which a system cannot easily be perturbed. What is a stable equilibrium? Climate 1. Energy from the sun comes to Earth mostly as this form of radiation. What is visible light? 2. Energy emitted by Earth is primarily this form of long-wave radiation, which we detect as heat. What is infrared radiation? 3. Energy from the sun is greatest in this latitude range. What are the tropics? 4. Increasing atmospheric CO2 may lead to this. What is global warming? 5. Temperatures on Earth are warmer than temperatures on Mars because of this process. What is the greenhouse effect? What is an atmosphere?